Which statement correctly describes memories?

The statement that memories are often subject to modification correctly reflects the nature of how memories function. Research in psychology has shown that memories are not fixed entities; instead, they are dynamic and can be influenced by various factors. When we recall a memory, we do not simply retrieve an unchanged account; rather, we reconstruct it, and this reconstruction can be affected by new information, suggestions, or even our current emotional state. This means that each time a memory is accessed, it has the potential to be altered, leading to variations in how we remember events over time.

In contrast, the other statements present a limited or inaccurate view of memory. The notion that memories are static and unchanging overlooks the evidence that shows memories can evolve. The claim that memories are solely based on emotional experiences disregards the vast range of experiences that can lead to memory formation, including factual and non-emotional knowledge. Finally, suggesting that memories can only be recalled under specific conditions fails to acknowledge the numerous situations in which memories can be accessed, albeit sometimes with varying degrees of clarity or accuracy.